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    Tantangan Swasembada Pangan 2017





    Swasembada pangan nasional merupakan program yang gencar digembar gembor pemerintah saat ini. Dengan target pada tahun 2017 pemerintah Indonesia bisa swasembada pangan. Sebuah upaya yang cukup serius dari pemerintah ini didukung berbagai lini. Banyak orang yang terlibat di dalamnya mulai dari unsure TNI, hingga Akademisi. Keterlibatan banyak orang ini diharapkan mampu mencapai target yang telah ditentukan pemerintah.
    Dalam perjalanannya sejak dicanangkan sampai sekarang tidak semulus sperti yang diharapkan, bahkan menemui beberapa hambatan yang menggangu. Dimulai dari kekeringan sampai dengan SDM yang berhubungan langsung dengan program pemerintah ini. Meskipun demikian program ini harus berjalan dan untuk mengatisipasinya pemerintah pun telah mempersiapkan berbagai alternatif untuk menanggulangi hambatan-hambatan yang muncul.
    Lalu apa saja tantangan yang menjadi hambatan untuk mencapai swasembada pangan di tahun 2017? Berikut adalah beberapa tantangan dan hambatan yang bisa penulis sampaikan berdasarkan pendapat penulis. Berikut beberapa hambatan yang sering ditemui dalam menyongsong swasembada pangan 2017 diantaranya adalah :

    1.        Faktor Alam
    Yang menjadi tantangan pertama adalah factor alam, kenapa ini saya jadikan yang pertama? Karena, ketika program swasembada pangan mulai di dengungkan oleh pemerintah. Alam sepertinya kurang bersahabat, seperti perubahan iklim dan cuaca akibat dari badai elnino dan lamina yang melanda muka bumi. Dengan adanya badai lanino dan elnina iklim serta cuaca yang berada di wilayah Indonesia mengalami perubahan, seperti terjadinya kemarau yang panjang. Hal ini tentu saja membuat para petani kelabakan karena tanaman mengalami kekeringan.
    Lalu apa langkah pemerintah dalam hal ini? Banyak sekali antisipasi yang diambil untuk mengatasi kekeringan yaitu dengan segera membagikan pompa air. Apakah ini berhasil? Jawabannya adalah tidak. Kenapa demikian karena sumber airnya pun susah untuk didapatkan. Meskipun beribu-ribu pompa air dibagikan kalu tidak ada sumber airnya ya percuma saja, air tidak akan pernah ada.
    Pertanyaan mungkin akan muncul, kenapa susah sumber air padahal Indonesia merupakan Negara Indonesia beriklim tropis? Jawabannya kembali pada petani itu sendiri. Karena ada oknum petani yang menginginkan hasil yang banyak akan tetapi tidak mempunyai lahan akhirnya perambahan hutan yang terjadi. Meskipun tidak semua petani melakukannya akan tetapi dampak dari kelakukan oknum petani tersebut mengakibatkan sumber air menjadi berkurang karena banyak pembukaan hutan yang tidak beraturan yang merusak ekosistem dan sumber air.
    2.        Ketersediaan Lahan
    Yang menjadi tantangan kedua adalah ketersedian lahan pertanian, berdasarkan data-data pertanian, banyak sekali alih fungsi lahan pertanian, dimana lahan sawah di pusat-pusat pangan banyak beralih fungsi menjadi bangunan ataupun pemukiman. Itu dari hasil yang terdata bagaimana dengan yang tidak terdata belum lagi alih fungsi lahan pertanian yang tidak terdapa. Misalkan, seorang petani mempunyai lahan yang luas. Akan tetapi petani tersebut mempunyai anak yang banyak, mau tidak mau, sadar tidak sadar akhirnya lahan pertanian beliau akan berubah menjadi pemukiman apalagi jika petani tersebut mempunyai anak yang telah berumah tangga. Secara otomatis untuk membangun rumah anaknya petani tersebut akan menggunakan lahan pertanannya.
    Lalu apa solusi pemerintah? Solusi pemerintah ialah dengan membuka areal tanaman baru. Apakah ini berhasil? Jawabannya belum berhasil kenapa demikian? Karena dengan membuka areal lahan baru ini memunculkan masalah baru juga. Contohnya adalah pembukaan hutan yang tidak bijak oleh oknum petani yang beralasan untuk menambah areal tanam baru. Alasan petani mungkin ada benarnya namun salah kaprah. Oleh karena itu sebaiknya kita sebagai petani sebaiknya bijak dalam menggunakan lahan pertanian kita untuk mendukung swasembada pangan 2017.
    3.        Sumberdaya Manusia
    Dan yang terakhir adalah Sumberdaya Manusia, SDM dibidang pertanian boleh dikatakan sangat sedikit, dimulai dari petaninya sendiri sampai dengan penyuluh pertanian. Melihat kondisi saat ini, para petani lebih senang anaknya bekerja di pabrik daripada menjadi petani, hal ini tentu saja menjadi PR dan tantangan bagi pemerintah untuk meregeneri petanni. Yang selanjutnya adalah SDM penyuluh pertanian, dimana saat ini para penyuluh pertanian sudah memasuki masa pensiun. Menurut cerita yang saya dengar sampai sekarang belum atau hanya sedikit tenaga penyuluh yang diangkat menjadi Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Hal ini mengakibatkan kurangnya tenaga penyuluh pertanian yang mana tugasnya merupakan ujung tombak pemerintah dalam mencapai target swasembada pangan.
    Pertanyan lalu muncul, apakah solusi pemerintah untuk menghadapi masalah ini? Banyak sekali program pemerintah untuk mengatasi persoalan ini. Seperti dengan mengucurkan dana bantuan yang sangat besar untuk pertanian, hal ini dimaksudkan untuk merangsang petani mandiri serta maju dalam malukan usahanya, sehingga merangsang anak-anaknya untuk menjadi petani juga yang mandiri.
    Langkah lain pemerintah dalam menanggulangi permasalah ini adalah dengan melibatkan TNI, Mahasiswa serta Akademisi, disisi lain hal ini menjadi angin segar  bagi petani dan pemerintah untuk menanggulangi kurangnya tenaga penyuluh. Namun, timbul masalah lain yaitu menjadi tumpang tindih tupoksi pekerjaan yang kadang menimbulkan perselisihan. Apabila kita kurang koordinasi yang baik dan solid akan terjadi gesekan karena berbagai kepentingan. Jadi sebaiknya para penyuluh, TNI, Mahasiswa serta Akademisi menjalin kerjasama yang solid untuk mencapai swasembada pangan di tahun 2017.

    Mungkin masih banyak lagi tantangan yang terjadi, dalam menghadapi Swasembada Pangan 2017, namun menurut pandangan penulis hal di ataslah yang perlu dituntaskan terlebih dahulu. Sehingga masalah lain yang timbul bisa dengan mudah diatasi.

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